The Snail of Happiness: Circular Crafting and Community Wellbeing in Rural Wales

 “The crafting world is full of the idea that more is better. We want to change that, showing that higher quality is better, preloved is better, re used and repaired is better” (Jan, co owner of The Snail of Happiness)…

The Chuckling Goat Story: Healing, Holding and Hoping

“Our goal is to leave things better than we found them”. (Shann Nix-Jones, MBE) The mid Wales town of Llandysul, population circa 1300, is the home of the 2022 World Dairy Awards winner of the Best Probiotic Dairy, Chuckling Goat.…

The School Project that Grew into a Global Eco-Business

“We all need to play our part in protecting the environment and we encourage everyone to join us in reducing plastic waste through greener and cleaner alternatives” (Emilio Rimini, Managing Director, The Green Co) According to Sir Richard Branson, who…

Tetrim Teas: Brewing a Sustainable Future in Wales

“We are resilient, ambitious and committed to working together towards a healthier, happier and more prosperous future for our village and the region. Collaboration and determination are at the heart of everything we do”. (Mari Arthur). Dr Justin John, a…

Ella’s Kitchen and Paul Lindley : A Recipe for Ethical Business and Social Impact

“Here at Ella’s Kitchen we try really hard to be good in sense – not just through the good food we make but also by doing good stuff for our environment and giving stuff back to our local communities” (Paul…

SunGod: Pioneering Sustainable Eyewear Innovation

 “Something that started off as the two of us grads building sunglasses in our living room, has grown into a global brand built on local community, that’s funded by sustainable innovation” - Zoe Watkiss Ali and Zoe Watkiss graduated from Manchester…

Tŷ-Mawr Lime: Reviving Heritage, Crafting a Sustainable Future

“One of the quotes we have used a lot as a business is that ‘you must be the change you want to see in the world'. Firstly, one of our core principles, when we started the business in 1993, was…

Honest Mobile: Balancing Profitability with Sustainability

“We’ve managed  to balance profitability with sustainability whilst scaling a successful company. I’d encourage other founders to explore how they can do the same – profit doesn’t have to come at the expense of the planet” (Andy Aitken). Honest Mobile was…

Ocean Bottle: Tackling Ocean Plastic and Empowering Coastal Communities

“Our ambition is to create a world where the value of a company is measured by the good that it does, as much as the profit it makes”. (Will and Nick, Co-founders of Ocean Bottle). Ocean Bottle is a business…

Green Chef and HelloFresh: Pioneering a Sustainable Future in the Meal Kit Industry

“Changing the way people eat is an ambitious goal and one that can only be achieved with smart, innovative, and driven people”.  (Laurent Guillemain, CEO of HelloFresh). Between 2004 and 2010 Colorado-based Michael Joseph, an Economics Theory graduate of the…

Grounds for Success: Coaltown Coffee’s Journey from Garage to Global

“We believe that planet, people and profit are all equal when it comes to how we run our business” - Coaltown Coffee The former mining town of Ammanford in South Wales, population circa 5500, is probably the last place in…

Beauty with Purpose: Beauty Kitchen & Reposit Leading the Way in Sustainable Skincare

“I started Beauty Kitchen to use business as a force for good with an equal weighting on the community, the environment and profit in every decision we make” (Jo-Anne Chidley) In 1995 Jo-Anne Chidley, the co-founder of Beauty Kitchen, graduated…

Seventh Generation: Leading Sustainability and Innovation with Biobased Stain Fighters

“In our everyday deliberations, we must consider the impact of our decisions on the next seven generations” (The Great Law of the Iroquois Confederacy). Seventh Generation is an American Company that sells eco-friendly cleaning, paper and personal care products. It was…

Rice Inc: Empowering Farmers, Transforming the Rice Industry

“The very people growing rice are the ones left behind by the industry and society" (Lincoln Lee) It is not just in the rice production sector that the planet and its people are exploited. In the drive to make as…

Sustainable Seas: The Story of Câr-y-Môr’s Innovative Ocean Farming

“Many are concerned that modern farming practices are reducing our farming land’s productivity and ecosystem health. Creating a sustainable future is a core part of Câr-y-Môr’s aim" (Owen Haines, co-founder Câr-y-Môr [Love of the Sea]) Câr-y-Môr is a Community Benefit…

The Belazu Ingredient Company: Where Passion Meets Purpose

“We don’t always want to be about the bottom line" - George Bennell Founded in 1991 as The Fresh Olive Company, Belazu, a Chef-grade Ingredient company, is the brainchild of two lifelong school friends, George Bennell and Adam Wells. On…

Tiny Box, Big Impact

“One person can’t change the world but together we can all make our own tiny difference” (Rachel Watkyn). Rachel Watkyn OBE is a Business Studies graduate of De Montfort University in the UK, a serial entrepreneur, and one of the…

Sustainable Indulgence from The Goodwash Company

“I was working for a large pharmaceutical company, and it was all about profit margins and driving more and more for the shareholders” - Mandy Powell The Goodwash Company is the brainchild of two Welsh international sports people, Mandy Powell…

Sausage rolls and social goals – Greggs Winning Hearts

As a modern business, it is our duty to stand for more than just profit...We're dedicated to helping people, protecting the planet and working together - Greggs. Greggs is a national UK bakery retail business that had, in 2023, a…

Resolution at Work: From Conflict to Collaboration

ACAS estimates the cost of conflict to UK organisations is around £28.5 billion per year and suggests that 9.7 million employees per year experience conflict at work. Resolution at Work is at the forefront of workplace mediation and conflict resolution, offering…

Sustainable Revival: Eco Nubia’s Cultural Renaissance

Our mission is to help local communities to discover their own natural and cultural heritage treasures…put them into action using sustainable tourism practices in order to gain financial and psychological benefits - Ahmed Yehia The small River Nile island of…

Oasis Cardiff: Championing Entrepreneurial Spirit for Refugees in Wales

“I wanted people to have a safe space where they could come and tell stories and where they could integrate into the wider community’ - Reynette Roberts Oasis Cardiff aims to facilitate the integration of refugees and asylum seekers into…

Agood Company Turning Profits into Environmental Protection

“I want to be able to look into my kids’ eyes and honestly say, ‘I  did everything I could to hinder climate change” (Anders Ankarlid) Founded in 2019, Agood Company is a Swedish B-Corp that employs 28 people, only 14…

Refuge to Revolution: Thrive Group Wales Empowering Women with Enterprise

#IWD24 ##InspireInclusion  “Business can and does give back and it only takes one small gesture, like offering someone a job, to make such a massive difference” - Donna Griffiths, Business Development Manager, Bouygues UK International Women's Day is a chance…

Oddbox: Transforming Waste into Food Wellness

“I knew my startup idea couldn’t just be another commercial money spinning operation…It also  had to in some way help people and also a cause that was far bigger than me” (Deepak Ravindran) In 2016, Deepak Ravindran, an MBA graduate,…

n-ergy’s Impact: Education, Peace, and Reintegration

We pour our heart and soul into our work and believe that the greatest achievements are driven by Passion. - Donna Turner-Not, n-ergy I am immensely proud of our caring, inclusive culture, where we set the highest standards and expectations…

The Sustainable Studio: Empowering Creative Enterprise and Advancing SDG 16

"Innovation and sustainability aren’t just about what we create, but how we create, and who gets to participate in the process." - Sarah and Julia, Co-founders of The Sustainable Studio In Cardiff, a transformative force is reshaping the creative landscape,…

A Pioneer’s Rise and Ethical Dilemma: A Cautionary Tale of The Body Shop

“The business of business should not just be about money, it should be about responsibility. It should be about public good, not personal greed” (Dame Anita Roddick). Possibly the first example of a modern harmonious retail enterprise, The Body Shop…

Zero Waste, Maximum Taste: The Fuel Hub’s Journey to Revolutionise Healthy Eating

“Our focus is on running a company that operates on a completely zero food waste model. Sustainability sits at the core of everything that we do…” (Michelle Laithwaite) The Fuel Hub is an online premium meal preparation business that delivers…

Green Revolution: From Garage to Global with Firefly Green Fuels

“We’re in the fight against climate change. That’s what has driven the business so far. I am proud of what I do; this has never felt like a proper job” - James Hygate James Hygate, the founder and CEO of…

Cultivating the Future: Kindling Farm’s Vision for Sustainable, Community-Led Agriculture

“The world needs new  models of agriculture: farms that are of course productive but also sustainable for many centuries to come; that are resilient—able to adjust to climate change, that are people-friendly, offering plenty of good jobs and supporting local…

Harmonising Innovation: The RNCM Shaping Tomorrow’s Musical Entrepreneurs and Changemakers

“RNCM mobilises musicians to graduate into the world’s confident risk takers, innovators and changemakers” - (RNCM, 2023) In December 2023, the Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM), based in Manchester, became the UK’s entrepreneurial University of the Year. Founded in…

Sustainable Sips: Totally Welsh Changing Dairy Dynamics

“Totally Welsh has always been about more than just dairy for us. The Brand embodies the Welsh community spirit." (John Horsman, General Manager Totally Welsh) Towards the end of the 19th century, milk began to be sold in bottles in…

Empowering Echoes: Tales from The (Pop) Factory

bubbles: Sebastian Sørensen  Porth is a town of some 6,000 people located in the Rhonda Valley, the former coal mining region of South Wales. In 1897, two local grocers, William Evans and William Thomas, opened a factory, the Welsh Hills…

Kääpä Biotech: Nature-Inspired Medicinal Mushrooms

“We solve the same problems as regular technology companies. We just look to nature for our inspiration and answers” - Eric Puro NutraIngredients 2021 Start-up Award winner KÄÄPÄ Biotech: ‘Our passion led to the win!’20-Dec-2021 By Will Chu Founded in 2018,…

Sustainable Suitehearts: Mr & Mrs Smith Craft Luxury Hotels with a Conscience

“I promise to keep sustainability as a key part of our business strategy and to continually promote sustainability to our members, our partners, and our hoteliers. Through these means and through our future innovations, I think it is vital for…

From Wall Street to Green Street: The Evolution of 1st Hotels

“We’re surrounded by the systems of the natural world that, when left untouched, know exactly how to self-balance, self-regulate, self-cleanse and restore harmony” - 1st Hotels American billionaire Barry Sternlicht graduated in 1982 from Brown University and obtained an MBA from Harvard…

Woven with Value: LittleLeaf Organic Cotton

“Our business is based on solid values: great products with good design, made ethically and sustainably without doing harm to others or our planet” - Lisa and Philip Ingram LittleLeaf Organic Cotton). Lisa Ingram has a DPhil, four young adult…

Blooming Sustainability: Electric Daisy Flower Farm

“As artisan growers we are custodians of the land we work on, and we protect it with our sustainable approach to everything” - Electric Daisy Flower Farm The global market for fresh cut flowers is estimated to be US$36.4 billion, with…

Ananas Anam and Pinatex

“We need to be more responsible about the environment, the economy, the people. Because now more than ever it is more than a necessity it is an emergency” - Dr.Carmen Hijosa In India, Fleather, a leather substitute, is being made…

KeepCup: Brewing Change One Reusable Cup at a Time

“We are a business built on the advocacy of individual users. We are at our best when we arrive at decisions that consider all of the perspectives and look forward with optimism and authenticity” - KeepCup Born in Glasgow but…

The Power of Petals: The Daffodils’ Role in Combating Global Warming

In the picturesque Welsh countryside, farmer Andrew Evans is involved in a pioneering trial with implications for the global environment. At his farm in Welshpool, Powys, he is introducing daffodil compounds into his cattle's diet to reduce methane emissions. The…

Olarro Lodge, Keyna

“You look at things you enjoy in your life, but much more important is what you can do to make the world a better place” - Paul Allen, 1953-2018 Located on a 2,000-metre-high ridge overlooking the Masai Mara national game…

Avocado Power: Biofase’s Bioplastic Revolution

“Everything that exists on earth is part of a natural cycle. The problem with plastic is that it does not belong to any of these cycles” - Scott Munguia. In 2014 Scott Munguia, a Chemical Engineering student, founded Biofase in…

Loch Fyne Oysters: Empowering Communities, Restoring Oyster Waters

“Johnny’s contribution to the Cairndow area transformed it from a place with few jobs, a dwindling population and little ambition to a thriving, forward thinking community” (Virginia Sumsion, Johnny Noble’s niece). Loch Fyne is a Scottish sea loch or lake…

Offploy CIC: Empowering Ex-Offenders for Better Futures

"Having the mindset, ambition and motivation to be an entrepreneur is a gift, and it's important that gift is used in the right way" - Jacob Hill Jacob Hill, an award-winning serial entrepreneur and ex-offender, founded Offploy CIC in 2016.…

Tap Social: Brewing Change Through Beer, Baking & Second Chances

“I used to channel my energies into the wrong things. I was successful but now I know that if I had channelled my energies into something positive I could have succeeded there too”. (Cooper an ex-offender and Tap Social employee)…

The Wellbeing Farm – journey to B-corp

“The sustainable equilibrium of our planet is facing huge challenges. But at The Wellbeing Farm, we are working to create a solution, and to make our green story even greener”. (Celia Gaze) Who would have thought a wedding and corporate…

Reviving Rural Economies: The Inspiring Story of the Melton Mowbray Pork Pie Association

“We have to think big. Who would have thought 20 years ago we'd have got where we are now". (Dr. Matthew O'Callaghan, OBE) In 2015, food historian Dr Matthew O’Callaghan, Chairman of the Melton Mowbray Pork Pie Association, was awarded…

Melin Tregwynt: The Revival of Welsh Wool Production and Sustainability

Recently there has been a change in customer buying patterns with many also wanting to buy sustainable and local products” (Eifion Griffiths). While many businesses claim that sustainability does not fit with the business case and consumers do not demand…

Hiut Deim Company, the sustainable denim pioneers

Jean image Source: http://www.albionman.com/ “Companies with a soul are so much more interesting than companies motivated purely by profit" (David Hieatt) In 1995 at the age of 36,  David Hieatt co-founded Howies, a niche active clothing business that wanted to produce…

Crystal Doors Fostering Sustainability and Community Growth

We are a small company with a turnover of £3 million, but we are making an impact way beyond our size. The manufacturing industry is beginning to wake up and take notice of the climate and ecological emergency around us,…

Divine Chocolate that empowers

“We need a future for cocoa farming which is sustainable- not just for chocolate companies and chocolate lovers but for the people growing the crop” (Sophi Tranchell, MBE, Group CEO Divine Chocolate UK, 1999-2020) Each year, some $100 billion is…

Phool and Fleather: India’s transformative biomaterial company

image compiled from images from @ Phool.co FB “Sustainability goes across everything I do….For example, there’s no leather; it’s free from PVC. There are lots of woven materials, which means a lot less waste” (Stella McCartney, fashion designer). The global…

Winds of change – Modvion

“The fact that something has not been done before, does not mean it can’t be done at all” - (Modvion) Modvion, founded in 2015, is the brainchild of two engineers, Joakim Orneblad and Otto Lundman, who graduated from Chalmers University’s…

Gwinllan Hebron Vineyard’s rare organic wine

“We strive to work within and in harmony with the ecosystem rather than attempting to radically alter and control it” (Jemma Vickers and Paul Rolt) Hebron vineyard, located on the Pembrokeshire/Carmarthenshire border in the foothills of the Preseli mountains in West Wales,…

CAT and Dulas Engineering

“In such seclusion, so far from the pressures under which most people live, I had the feeling that something new,  some fresh and saner way of living might be demonstrated” (Gerard Morgan-Grenville 1931-2009). Located in a 100-year-old disused slate quarry…

Rodda’s clotted cream cultivates community spirit and charity

Cornish Clotted Cream – the food of the Gods (former Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone, 1809-1898) In the UK, according to the 1935 Goodheart, Sigler and Hoffman song “everything stops for tea” but not only that - on the last…

Takachar transforming waste biomass

In 2021, 30-year-old Vidyut Mohar, an India Engineering entrepreneur and Sustainability graduate of the Delft University of Technology, won the inaugural Earthshot prize with his business partner, Dr Kevin Kung, a biological engineering graduate of MIT. In 2015, they had…

Flawsome! Wonky, Wonderful and Wise on Waste

“Beautiful things happen when you distance yourself from negativity” (Karina Sudenyte) Mother of twins, 22 year old Karina Sudenyte and her husband Maciek Kacprzyk were students at the University of South Wales in Cardiff when they set up “Get Wonky”…

Gandaki Urja fuels Nepal’s green economy

“These are difficult times and we wanted to chip in where we could” - Kushal Gurun. Kushal Gurung of Nepal is not just a Carbon Management Masters graduate of Edinburgh University, but a serial entrepreneur back home in Nepal. He…

OLIO, the app driving a food share revolution

"The problem is much worse than we think. We have to wake up" - Dr. Monika van den Bos Verma of  Wageningen University, Netherlands Food waste is one of the major global sustainability problems.  According to the UN Food and…

the August Co. fashioning a better future

“Sustainability has 3 pillars – social justice, economic development and environmental protection – we are trying to contribute to each of these” - Vidhi Singhal Having read a report that a plastic bag had been found in the ocean at…

Flexi-Hex: packaging that protects the planet

“We’re not here to take on big plastic.We’re here to keep making better decisions and to partner with people up for doing the same.” What do a group of designers with a love of the sea and surfing have in…

Sea inspiration for education and eco-tourism

“I’m motivated to live by, and inspire others to live, a sustainable life that helps to preserve the planet rather than deplete it” - Sarah Holden The human population is fascinated by water and each year millions of people flock to…

LabCycle – revolutionising the recycling of Laboratory Plastic Waste

wastes pic: Bath.ac.uk While research is intended to identify solutions to problems, laboratory-based research can also contribute to them, in particular to the current sustainability challenge. Annually some 5.5 million tonnes of single-use plastic is produced by life sciences research…

Egyptian University ‘Chito-Shrimp’ feeds multiple sustainability projects

“Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for  a lifetime”. Formerly known a SIFE (Students into Free Enterprise) Enactus is the world’s largest experiential learning platform.…

Effa – Ukrainian eco-business inspires

Having worked as a multinational company project manager for 10 years, but never having felt that she fitted in there, Dasha Kichuk founded Kyiv-based Effa1 in 2018 in partnership with her industrial designer husband, Ilya, a graduate of Kharkiv State…

Nuddy: One gal. One shower. One big idea.

Nuddy isn’t just a word, it’s a feeling. To feel free + vulnerable, yet empowered. Not just when you’re ‘in the nuddy’, but all day, everyday - Nuddy Nuddy is a female-led startup. It was founded in July 2018 by…

Welsh Luxury Hamper Co. showcasing local businesses

In 2019 20-year-old Abigail Chamberlain of Chepstow founded the Welsh Luxury Hamper Company Ltd. to showcase the quality products on offer in Wales. Because of her dyslexia, Abigail left university where she was studying music and enrolled on a different…

Vivobarefoot’s regenerative steps

"We believe the closer people are to nature, the more they will protect it" - Vivobarefoot Founded in 2012, Vivobarefoot is an innovative London-based shoe company whose pedigree dates back almost 200 years. In 1825 in the village of Street in…

Volta Greentech – reducing cow methane omissions

"If all the cattle in the world joined together to start their own country, they would be the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases” - Bill Gates Globally methane is responsible for 30 per cent of global warming, and the world’s…

The House of Baukjen

“We care deeply about our people, our customers and our planet” (Baukjen de Swaan Arons). The House of Baukjen is a family-run women’s slow fashion business located in North West London. It comprises two branches, the core brand, Baukjen, and their…

Burns Pet Nutrition Ltd. and Parc y Bocs

"I want to see people feeling that they're proud of working for [Burns Pet Nutrition Ltd] and [for them to] put that bit extra in, in terms of the activities we're engaged in" - John Burns In the heart of rural…

The washing machine project improving lives

Humanity is the washerwoman of our society that wrings out its laundry in tears - Karl Klaus, 1874-1936 The handwashing of clothes is a simple but time-consuming and energy-sapping task that has been a significant source of invention for centuries.…

GEW2021 interview: the mind behind the investing in others for sustainable futures

Kay Luan Tay, the recent Vice Chancellor of the International University Malaya-Wales and author of three book on Social and Business Sustainability has wide but unique experience in managing and delivering value across both commercial and non-commercial enterprise. A strong…

Welsh Manumit Coffee Roasters – freedom through coffee

image credit: girl: I.am_nah Another Wales-based case study to celebrate Global Entrepreneurship 2021 #GEW2021 “In giving freedom to the slave, we assure freedom to the free”. ( Abraham Lincoln 1809-1865) While slavery was abolished in most countries 150 or more…

GEW2021 interview: the mind behind Women in Enterprise in Wales

Bev is an experienced practitioner in enterprise, social enterprise, gender equality and rural development/community. She has been and continues to be instrumental in ensuring that the role of women in Wales is consistently enhanced and progressed. As a special GEW2021 deep-dive,…

Bringing hope back to to the valleys

The extraction of oil, coal, and minerals brought, and still brings, a cost to the environment -- Irish singer/songwriter, Bono, 1960 A HES case study based in Wales to celebrate #GEW2021. Wales, often referred to as “the land of song”…

MarinaTex asking the right questions

MarinaTex, image: licensed to use Plastics waste is a major global problem facing the planet, affecting life on earth both on land and in the sea. The problem is that it is non-biodegradable and can exist in the ecosystem for…

Argan oil harmonious ventures

oil pic credit: Pixabay “The entrepreneur shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and greater yield” - John-Baptiste Say (1767-1832) Today Argan oil is considered the most effective anti-ageing oil in…

The Syrian Dinner Project

The tragic scenes of refugees fleeing from war-torn Afghanistan bring home, all too vividly, the plight of the “barefoot entrepreneurs” – those people who live ”primarily in marginal, poor and excluded places and contexts” (Imas et al. 2012). While the problem is…

“Never believe that a few caring people can’t change the world” (Margaret Mead)

Antur Cymru (Welsh Adventure) is a social enterprise providing support for businesses in Wales. Owned by shareholders in the community who do not profit individually from their investment, they have agreed surpluses should be reinvested in the company. It was…

Small is beautiful (E.F. Schumacher, 1973)

“ To create a world full of giving” is the mission of Japanese serial entrepreneur Masami Sato. After attending college in Japan she traveled the world and was disturbed by the poverty and inequality she discovered. Eventually, she ended up in…

Harmony makes small things grow, lack of it makes great things decay (Sallust, 86-35BC)

Since Global Entrepreneurship Week 2020, The Harmonious Entrepreneurship Society has posted case examples of systemic, harmonious enterprises that have focused not just on “ making as much money as possible” (Friedman, 1970) but on Elkington’s (2004) Triple Bottom Line of Profit-People-Planet. Each…

“May it be a light to you in dark places when all other lights go out” (J.R.R. Tolkein)

Originating in the 16th century, but not becoming commonplace until after William Murdoch’s invention of the gaslight in 1802, street lights are now regarded as an essential feature of modern living. Not only do they aid security but they contribute…

“He was a wise man who invented beer” (Plato, 427-347 BC).

Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world. Its origin dates back some 5000 years, possibly more, and by 2018 188.79 million kilolitres were being consumed, the equivalent of approximately 298.2 billion bottles. However,…

The best anti-poverty program is a world class education (Barak Obama)

As Nelson Mandela recognised “Education is the most powerful weapon for changing the world” yet it is estimated that in 2020 260 million children globally were not being educated and millions more were not receiving a good quality education. This is particularly…

Notpla: God created seaweed…The seaweed made the world”

Seaweed is an extremely versatile and important product. Amongst others it is a food, a fertiliser, a medicine, a fuel, a cosmetic and, significantly, a vital element in the ocean ecosystem, producing oxygen, absorbing nutrients and providing a habitat for…

“On a bicycle made for two”…or three, or more!

Despite its image of pure, unpolluted mountain air, the air quality in Nepal is one of the worst in the world, particularly in the country’s capital city, Kathmandu. Here the incidence of smog is five times greater than it was…

Harmony makes small things grow, lack of it makes great things decay (Sallust, 86-35BC)

Since Global Entrepreneurship Week 2020, The Harmonious Entrepreneurship Society has posted case examples of systemic, harmonious enterprises that have focused not just on “ making as much money as possible” (Friedman, 1970) but on Elkington’s (2004) Triple Bottom Line of Profit-People-Planet. Each…

“There’s a way to do it better – Find it” (Thomas Edison (1847-1931)

Though a profound invention that has impacted significantly on modern society, plastics are a major sustainability challenge as they do not decompose and contribute to environmental problems both on land and in the sea, as well as to the health…

The Gyapa Cookstoves Project

It is estimated that in the developing economies some 3 billion people cook their food on open fires, using solid fuel, usually wood. Apart from polluting the atmosphere, the smoke from the fires kills an estimated 3 million people, mainly…